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Proven effective and widely practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic, online psychotherapy is today a fundamental tool in the toolbox of the psychoanalyst and the psychotherapist: to be studied in depth in its possible indications and counter-indications and to be included in the training programs of our training schools. Our thesis is that it does not represent a risk, but rather the stimulus to progress for our discipline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (French) La psychotherapie en ligne s'est averee efficace et largement pratiquee pendant la pandemie de COVID-19 est aujourd'hui un outil fondamental dans la boite a outils du psychanalyste et du psychotherapeute: a etudier en profondeur dans ses eventuelles indications et contre-indications et a integrer dans les programmes de formation des nos ecoles de formation. Notre these est qu'elle ne represente pas un risque, mais plutot une incitation a progresser pour notre discipline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (German) Die Online-Psychotherapie, die sich wahrend der COVID-19-Pandemie als wirksam erwiesen hat und weithin praktiziert wurde, ist heute ein grundlegendes Instrument im Werkzeugkasten des Psychoanalytikers und des Psychotherapeuten: eines, das vertieft in seinen moglichen Indikationen und Kontraindikationen untersucht und in die Ausbildungsprogramme unserer Ausbildungsstatten integriert werden muss. Unsere These ist, dass sie kein Risiko, sondern vielmehr Ansporn zum Fortschritt fur unsere Disziplin darstellt. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Italian) Dimostratasi efficace e largamente praticata durante la pandemia da COVID-19 la psicoterapia online e oggi uno strumento fondamentale nella cassetta degli attrezzi dello psicoanalista e dello psicoterapeuta: da studiare in modo approfondito nelle sue possibili indicazioni e contro-indicazioni e da inserire nei programmi di formazione delle nostre scuole di formazione. La nostra tesi e che non rappresenti un rischio, ma anzi lo stimolo al progresso per la nostra disciplina. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) La psicoterapia online demostro ser efectiva y ampliamente practicada durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y es hoy una herramienta fundamental en la caja de herramientas del psicoanalista y psicoterapeuta que merece ser profundizada en sus posibles indicaciones y contraindicaciones e incluida en los programas de formacion de nuestras escuelas de formacion. Nuestra tesis es que no representa un riesgo, sino un estimulo de progreso para nuestra disciplina. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Purpose: This review aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of digital-based psychotherapy in overcoming the psychological problems of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Several databases consisting of EBSCO-Host CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Sage Journal, and Taylor and Francis were used in the search process and resulted in experimental studies focusing on the effectiveness of the application of digital-based psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic timeline (2019-2022). Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed based on the data set from the study. Results: A total of 12 articles were included in the review. The digital psychotherapy interventions found are diverse including websites, smartphone applications, and video conferencing with the types of therapies provided in the form of, Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Mindfulness Therapy. Each intervention has a diverse duration and frequency adjusting to the type of therapy given. Digital psychotherapeutic interventions are effective in reducing mental health problems among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The use of digital psychotherapy can be used as a prevention and support service for students who experience psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The combination of the use of digital media with video conferencing can be considered to increase the effectiveness of this service. Nurses need to understand how the procedure for implementing digital-based psychotherapy is to improve the quality of mental care services as an effort to prevent and support students. More research is needed to find out the effectiveness of the use of digital psychotherapy services and how they impact the psychological well-being of students holistically.
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Losses that took place during the covid 19 pandemic are recognised as "bad deaths”. They are characterized by physical discomfort, difficulty breathing, social isolation, psychological distress and ineffective care. The experience of grief has been even more challenging during the covid times as compared to the usual grief prior to the pandemic due to the lack of resources that assist in coping. Lack of social support, uncertainty about the future, lack of routine, and absence of mourning rituals deny the bereaved with the basic opportunity to grieve adaptively. Enhancing advance care planning may help dying patients to receive effective care. Virtual funeral services, extending support through telephonic conversations, online psychotherapy and encouraging continuing bonds with the deceased assist individuals who experience grief and bereavement. The current chapter focuses on expanding awareness about the nature of grief during the pandemic and understanding effective measures to mitigate complicated grief across various subgroups of the society who experienced grief as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. © The Author(s) 2023.
ABSTRACT
Losses that took place during the covid 19 pandemic are recognised as "bad deaths”. They are characterized by physical discomfort, difficulty breathing, social isolation, psychological distress and ineffective care. The experience of grief has been even more challenging during the covid times as compared to the usual grief prior to the pandemic due to the lack of resources that assist in coping. Lack of social support, uncertainty about the future, lack of routine, and absence of mourning rituals deny the bereaved with the basic opportunity to grieve adaptively. Enhancing advance care planning may help dying patients to receive effective care. Virtual funeral services, extending support through telephonic conversations, online psychotherapy and encouraging continuing bonds with the deceased assist individuals who experience grief and bereavement. The current chapter focuses on expanding awareness about the nature of grief during the pandemic and understanding effective measures to mitigate complicated grief across various subgroups of the society who experienced grief as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR]
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Background: Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, some psychotherapists had to propose remote consultations, i.e., teleconsultation. While some evidence suggests positive outcomes from teleconsultation, professionals still hold negative beliefs towards it. Additionally, no rigorous and integrative practice framework for teleconsultation has yet been developed. This article aims to explore the use and experience of teleconsultation by 1) investigating differences between psychotherapists proposing and not proposing it; 2) evaluating the impact of negative attitudes towards teleconsultation on various variables; 3) determining the perceived detrimental effect of teleconsultation, as opposed to in-person, on the therapeutic relationship and personal experience; and 4) providing insights for the development of a teleconsultation practice framework. Method: An online survey was distributed via different professional organisations across several countries to 246 (195 women) French-speaking psychotherapists. Results: Psychotherapists who did not propose teleconsultation believed it to be more technically challenging than psychotherapists who proposed it, but felt less constrained to propose it, and had less colleagues offering it. Attitudes towards teleconsultation showed no significant associations with therapeutic relationship, personal experience, and percentage of teleconsultation. As compared to in-person, empathy, congruence, and therapeutic alliance were perceived to significantly deteriorate online, whereas work organisation was perceived to be significantly better. While most psychotherapists proposed remote consultations, they did not provide adaptations to such setting (e.g., ascertaining a neutral video background); nor used videoconferencing platforms meeting privacy and confidentiality criteria. Conclusion: Training and evidenced-based information should be urgently provided to practitioners to develop rigorous guidelines and an ethically and legally safe practice framework.
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Until recently, only some psychotherapists have used a remote form of contact with their patients. The COV-ID-19 pandemic Has changed this situation, as the experience of life and health threats has resulted in many therapists choosing to work remotely with patients. Working online for psychotherapists poses new challenges and ethical questions. Many practitioners, when looking for answers to bothering questions arising from the clinical practice of working with patients remotely, look for answers in Professional codes of ethics or in the guidelines of therapeutic associations. This article is a review of 52 codes of ethics from different countries on five continents in terms of looking for norms and principles that provide an ethical framework for online psychotherapeutic work. Additionally, the guidelines and recommendations of selected Professional psychotherapeutic associations were analyzed. These societies, in additional Communications or statements, also introduce temporary ethical criteria, guidelines and good ethical practices that remotely working therapists should take into account in their work. Copyright © 2022 Polish Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.
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In 2019, mass infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the disease caused by it became the reason for global social, economic and health crises. This situation required changes, also in the field of psychotherapeutic practice and the implementation of new solutions. One of the possibilities of continuing services provision was to start the Internet usage Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the latest research related to the experiences of psychotherapists working online during the pandemic. An additional goal is to present the broadest possible analysis of the literature based on research conducted in various countries around the world. Materials: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and PsycNet were searched for a review. From among the search results that met the general criteria, those related to psychotherapeutic practice in the given countries were selected. Conclusion(s): Online psychotherapy has become a significant component of psychotherapeutic practice during a pandemic. Earlier expectations and concerns could be verified. The presented results of selected studies create a picture of the functioning of psychotherapists in many countries and constitute the basis for future research and forecasts for the development of psychotherapy after the pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Polish Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.
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Due to the covid-19 pandemic, a large part of psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic services migrated to the virtual environment. This experience demands and encourages reflections about the setting in the virtual context. Based on the supervision in two psychological teaching clinics and the illustration of a case, we intend to reflect on some specificities of virtual treatment. Virtuality seems to focus on the image, more specifically on the face of the analytical duo, which can cause one's capture by the self-image reflected on the screen. Despite the specifics of the virtual and possible distinctions in the nature of transference, it is possible to conduct virtual treatments, due to the occurrence of transference, countertransference, and association in this type of service, provided that the therapist's "internalized frame'' can offset the physical setting absence, and his voice and image can be used to reassure his presence, keeping himself "alive'' and acting as a reflective object. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Portuguese) En raison de la pandemie de covid-19, une grande partie des soins psychanalytiques et psychotherapeutiques ont migre vers le virtuel. Cette experience demande et proportionne a la fois des reflexions concernant le cadre dans les soins en ligne. Sur la base d'une experience de supervision dans deux cliniques d'enseignement psychologique et de l'illustration d'un cas, les auteurs ont l'intention d'aborder quelques specificites de ce genre de clinique. La virtualite semble entrainer une centralisation dans l'image, plus precisement sur le visage du duo analytique, ce qui peut provoquer la capture du sujet par la propre image refletee sur l'ecran. Malgre les specificites du virtuel et les distinctions possibles de la nature du transfert, les auteurs croient qu'il est possible de conduire des traitements virtuels, en raison de l'occurrence du transfert, du contre-transfert et de l'association dans ce type de dispositif, des que le therapeute emploie le cadre internalise pour rendre compte de l'absence du cadre physique, et de sa voix et de son image comme une maniere d'affirmer sa presence, restant en vie et agissant comme un objet reflechissant. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) Devido a pandemia de covid-19, grande parte dos atendimentos psicanaliticos e psicoterapeuticos migraram para o ambiente virtual. Essa experiencia tanto demanda como propicia reflexoes sobre o enquadre no atendimento online. A partir da experiencia de supervisao em duas clinicas-escola e da ilustracao de um caso, os autores pretendem abordar algumas especificidades desse tipo de atendimento. A virtualidade parece causar uma centralizacao na imagem, mais especificamente no rosto da dupla analitica, o que pode provocar a captura do sujeito pela propria imagem na tela. Apesar das particularidades do virtual e das possiveis distincoes da natureza da transferencia, os autores pensam ser possivel conduzir tratamentos virtuais, por haver transferencia, contratransferencia e associacao nessa modalidade de atendimento, desde que o terapeuta se utilize do enquadre internalizado para dar conta da ausencia do enquadre fisico, e de sua voz e imagem como forma de afirmar sua presenca, manter-se vivo e atuar como objeto reflexivo. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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This article aims to understand the role of psychologists in Brazil in providing online clinical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a literature review, for which a survey of academic publications in Brazil was carried out, in the scientific bases SciELO and Google Scholar, with a time frame from January 2020 to December 2021, as well as Resolutions published by the Federal Council of Psychology, which had as The main focus is on the modality of psychological services provided in the online modality during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In total, four articles, one monograph and five Resolutions published by the Federal Council of Psychology were selected. Content Analysis was used for the evaluation, synthesis and final interpretation of the data. With the analysis, three main categories were reached, namely, I) Broadening horizons and integration of the professional category;II) Characterization of assistance during the pandemic;and III) Professional challenges. It is concluded that need for further research, mainly empirical, to deepen the theme, with regard to the structuring of online care and the psychosocial implications of this modality, as well as the construction of new regulations and legislation that guide a committed praxis and ethics considering the different social contexts. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Este artigo objetiva compreender a atuação de psicólogos, no Brasil, na realização de atendimento clínico online durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, para a qual realizou-se um levantamento de publicações acadêmicas, no Brasil, nas bases científicas SciELO e Google Acadêmico, com recorte temporal de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021, bem como de Resoluções publicadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que tivessem como enfoque principal a modalidade de serviços psicológicos prestados na modalidade online no período de pandemia pelo COVID-19. No total, foram selecionados quatro artigos, uma monografia e cinco Resoluções publicadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo para a avaliação, síntese e interpretação final dos dados. Com a análise, chegou-se a três categorias principais, a saber, I) Ampliação dos horizontes e integração da categoria profissional;II) Caracterização dos atendimentos durante a pandemia;e III) Desafios profissionais. Conclui-se que há necessidade de realização de novas pesquisas, principalmente empíricas, para aprofundar a temática, no que diz respeito à estruturação do atendimento online e às implicações psicossociais dessa modalidade, bem como a construção de novas normativas e legislações que orientam uma práxis comprometida e ética, considerando os diversos contextos sociais. (Portuguese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista FSA is the property of Revista FSA (Faculdade Santo Agostinho) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Lockdown enacted by government in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Austria forced psychotherapy practice into an online-only setting for several months in 2020. Although there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychotherapy in remote settings, research investigating therapeutic alliance in online psychotherapy is still limited, with a specific need for research in assessing possible effects of changes in therapeutic setting from face-to-face to online and vice versa. We measured therapeutic alliance in client-therapist dyads using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) at the Adult Outpatient Clinic of Sigmund Freud University, Vienna. Eighty-seven dyads completed HAQ twice, assessing three time-points: after switching from face-to-face to online therapy, providing a retrospective assessment of their alliance before the setting change as well as a concurrent account of their experience during online therapy, then another assessment after switching back to face-to-face setting after lockdown restrictions were lifted. Data were analysed by fitting a multilevel linear model, where the variables person (client/therapist) and time (before online therapy; online therapy; back to face-to-face) were nested within the client-therapist dyad. We found a statistically significant small improvement in the quality of therapeutic alliance over time, but no differences due to change in therapeutic setting. Separate analysis of HAQ sub-scales revealed that clients rated their relationship statistically significantly higher than their therapists with medium effect size, while there were no differences in success ratings over time and settings, nor between clients and therapists. The findings support the feasibility of online therapy in terms of therapeutic alliance in general, and alternating between face-to-face and online therapy settings in particular.
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INTRODUCTION: The paper's main aim is to analyze the theme of psychotherapy which, during the months of lockdown, has undergone a considerable transformation as it moved, in many cases, to the virtual modality. The scarce literature on this subject is divided between those who maintain that the screen establishes a relational distance between the patient and the therapist (disengagement theory) and those who instead consider it an element that stimulates and facilitates communication (stimulation theory). METHOD: Utilizing a qualitative and phenomenological interview, which allowed me to collect the testimonies of therapists and patients, I will try to understand if and how the fundamental components of psychotherapy and clinical encounter have changed. RESULTS: I will describe how the lack of bodily resonance affects psychotherapy and emphasize the centrality of often-underestimated elements such as the atmosphere and setting. CONCLUSION: I will finally argue that what is missing is indeed an embodied trust which, in my view, is necessary for a successful therapeutic relationship.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Communicable Disease Control , Psychotherapy , TrustABSTRACT
Many creative arts therapists work in the education system on a regular basis. As a result of the pandemic, all have had to treat students in a "remote therapeutic response" format. The aim of the present study was to map creative arts therapists' perceptions of the "remote therapeutic response" in the education system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 creative arts therapists who participated in the study. The consensual qualitative research approach yielded seven domains: (1) the emotional experiences of transitioning to a remote therapeutic response; (2) the implementation of the remote therapeutic response; (3) benefits of remote creative arts therapy; (4) challenges in remote creative arts therapy; (5) remote contact with parents; (6) working in the educational system; (7) insights and recommendations. Although the findings show that creative arts therapists believe that remote creative arts therapy will never be a fully satisfactory replacement for most clients, remote work, despite its many difficulties and challenges, has also opened the door to new possibilities in the world of creative arts therapy in the education system.
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BACKGROUND: Remotely provided psychotherapy due to the COVID-19 pandemic became common. One of the most significant changes related to providing online psychotherapy services is that clients no longer travel to their sessions. AIMS: In the article we are interested in the narrated experience of the absence of journey to psychotherapy sessions. We study clients' stories of past journeys and how their absence, resulting from the change of the mode of therapy provision, is coped with and replaced by other activities in their narratives. METHODS: The study takes a constructionist approach to discourse and focuses on the lexico-grammatical form of the notes. The data come from 12 semi-structured interviews with people who declared attending remote psychotherapy sessions after the national lockdown had been introduced. RESULTS: In the collected data, the physical journey is constructed not only as travel time, solitude which can be used for reflection, but, importantly, as an active process which ends with a resolution. In contrast, in narratives of the time before an online session, constructions of unfettered agents are replaced with those of people whose actions are hedged and qualified. CONCLUSION: We argue that in the informants' narratives the journey to psychotherapy is meaningful and is part of the therapeutic process. We propose that it is a time of passing between two states-one before therapy and one in session. The journey therefore is experienced as a process of change, and not only a process of traveling.
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Mood disorders represent an important category in the classification manuals of mental disorders, particularly, depression is classified as a disease of the world population. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has reported a greater psychological impact that triggers the vulnerability of people with symptoms and requires care alternatives that facilitate access to professional mental health services. This article focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of online care and intervention in patients diagnosed with symptoms of depression and anxiety. For this, the research has been carried out from a bimodal approach, in which the analysis of a single case and the objective evaluation of the symptoms of depression and anxiety were combined in four patients residing in the metropolitan area of the city of Medellin, Colombia. The results show the efficacy of cognitive behavioral intervention under online modality and the remission of symptoms. It is concluded that online psychotherapy is consolidated as a process that provides increasingly comprehensive tools for the world population. In addition, cognitive psychotherapy advances intervention techniques that are very useful in these pandemic settings. © 2021
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Italy was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In early March 2020, a series of legislative decrees have been issued, establishing the restrictions that all Italian citizens are required to respect, according to which it is strictly forbidden to leave the house if not for reasons of necessity, health, or work. This qualitative study investigated which aspects clients find helpful or hindering in shifting to group tele-psychodrama due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after participation in an in-person psychodrama group. Participants were 15 adults who were members of a pre-existing in-person psychodrama group that shifted to a tele-psychodrama group format facilitated by two psychodrama therapists. The Client Change Interview was used at the end of the tele-psychodrama as a post-treatment assessment. All the interviews were transcribed and then underwent a thematic analysis. The analysis yielded six shared themes: the role of tele-psychodrama sessions during COVID-19 pandemic; perceived effectiveness of tele-psychodrama; main advantages of tele-psychodrama; limitations encountered during the online intervention; the termination of tele-psychodrama; and the relationship with the therapist. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the clinical practice of tele-psychodrama and lays the groundwork for further studies that can contribute to the use of electronic platforms in psychodrama interventions.
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Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent extreme restrictions imposed by governments across the world forced psychotherapists to abruptly change their working modality. The first aim of the current study was to assess psychotherapists' self-perceptions (i.e., affective and cognitive perceptions about their self and their self in relation to clients) when providing telepsychotherapy during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The second aim was to explore the associations between psychotherapists' self-perceptions, characteristics, and clinical practices. Method: An online survey was administered to 281 Italian licensed psychotherapists (Mage =45.15; SD=10.2; 83.6% female) between April 5 and May 10, 2020. The survey comprised ad-hoc questions that were designed to collect sociodemographic details and information related to working practices. Moreover, a semantic differential (SD) scale was developed to assess psychotherapists' self-perceptions, and a factor analysis was performed from the SD items. Results: The SD scale showed an overall trend of positive psychotherapist self-perception during telepsychotherapy, despite reports of greater fatigue and directive and talkative behavior during sessions. Four SD factors accounted for 45% of the variance: "Affective Availability," "Attitude Predisposition," "Well-being," and "Interventionism." Scores on the first three factors were indicative of psychotherapists' Positive vs. Negative self-perception. A comparison of the Positive and Negative attitudinal profiles using the chi-squared test with Yates's correction and a Monte Carlo simulation found that psychotherapists with a Positive profile reported greater satisfaction with the telematic modality and were more likely to perceive that their clients were able to maintain privacy during sessions. Conclusion: The results suggest that Italian psychotherapists have been able to promptly adapt to the imposed telematic modality during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they may have attempted to compensate for their physical distance from clients by intervening more during sessions. These findings may support psychotherapists who are currently practicing and inform future practitioners who are considering the use of telematic treatment as a routine component of psychotherapeutic care.
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BACKGROUND: The situation we are currently experiencing is unprecedented. Declaring a state of health emergency in order to curb a frightening epidemic, the authorities have decreed the home confinement of the majority of the population of our country for several weeks. In a few days, innumerable questions arise for very diverse spaces: epidemiological, immunological, sociological, information scientists, medical, administrative, political, etc. OBJECTIVE: We propose a reflection intended to describe the psychological risks, to clarify the disorders found, and to discuss the means to take care of them in the duration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We base our thinking on a review of the literature confronted with our current clinical experience, including concerning the possibilities of dematerialised medico-psychological monitoring. RESULTS: We recall the collective repercussions of emerging lethal mass risks, and in particular viral infectious agents, before approaching the existing scientific models of collective confinement according to military operations in war zones, polar wintering missions and aerospace conquest. It appears that for the study of a global containment, somewhat studied during previous pandemics, the conceptions of stress reaction and psychodynamic adaptation prove to be relevant. We detail the psychological consequences of confinement on individual mental health and their countermeasures according to three population typologies: general population, population of caregivers on the front line against the epidemic, and population of subjects already suffering from mental illness or seeing their disorders reappear. We also refer to works in social cognitive psychology explaining how, in an anxiety-provoking situation, reasoning can be biased and lead to choices that ultimately prove to be not very rational, in the opinion of those who made them. The current situation in the health sector is favourable in this, as evidenced by the "debate on chloroquine" widely reported in the media and on social networks, opposing conclusions most often decided on the basis of beliefs on contrary to evidence based medicine. DISCUSSION: The psychological repercussions of confinement appear conditioned by the multiple forms that it can take: voluntary or suffered, more or less prolonged, spent at home or in another place, lived in individual isolation or in a small community, associated other stressors and/or traumatic factors, etc. The home confinement of a population across a country has never been assessed. This experience seems to us to confront our society as a whole with the taboo of death, which is imposed, death more and more evaded as the "Western man" tries to move away from his terrestrial origins. In this sense, psychotraumatic type repercussions are to be prevented. In order to face multiple challenges, the healthcare system has adapted with, in particular, the development of the use of the Internet for the provision of information intended to better experience confinement, or even the generalisation of e-psychotherapy asking as many questions as it provides answers. These intricacies of computer techniques in the area of psychotherapy, techniques with which we had some questioning, became established as quickly as the virus: the task of clinicians and researchers to measure the issues and the consequences. CONCLUSION: Public health programs could emerge on the model of those already existing in order to manage well-known chronic endemic disorders: protection against the effects of an unbalanced diet associated with a sedentary lifestyle, fight against smoking and alcoholism, prevention of self-aggressive behaviour, etc. We will also need to support the caregivers who have been on the front line and who will emerge tested from this pandemic: depending on the sustainability of the action capacities of our healthcare system to return to its nominal state and also perhaps, so that it can face consequences resulting from other crises, especially social ones.